Saturday, December 24, 2016

Wreaths and Crowns, Lost and Found


Merry Christmas Eve!

I sincerely hope that you are in the midst of enjoying wonderful Christmas worship services and enjoying time with family and friends.  Yesterday evening, Hubs and I attended a "rockin' " Christmas concert and today we celebrated Christmas with the Hood side of our family circle. Tonight, we attended our church's Christmas Eve service with our precious sons and then had dinner at the home of dear friends.  Tomorrow, we have plans to celebrate with the Dalton circle.  All of this reminds me of the incredible goodness of my Savior.

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.
Isaiah 9:6 KJV

The other day I was thinking about wreaths, Christmas wreaths to be exact, and pondering why we hang wreaths on our doors at Christmastime.  I don't know the "official" reason, but there is special meaning for me in the circular shape of a Christmas wreath.

Circles are marvelous things.  They have no beginning and no end.  Circles remind me of the eternality of our Mighty God, our Everlasting Father, who came to Earth as our Savior on that very first Christmas.

Angels are often pictured with circular halos.  I wonder if the circular shape is any accident?
Crowns are circular and an integral part of Christmas although they are not a traditional Christmas symbol.  They are for me, at least, and here's why.

Our Savior "laid aside His crown so that we could be found".  Those words are from a Christmas song our church choir sang last year.  They also remind me of the old Southern hymn, "What Wondrous Love is This".

Christmas is so unsatisfying if celebrated as an isolated event and/or if celebrated as "the beginning". God had no beginning, nor will He have any end.  Christmas Eve, the night He was born as a human, was simply one of the events in His eternal plan, a marvelous plan conceived before He invented Time.  So yes, we celebrate the birth of the baby Jesus, even as we reflect on "the rest of the story".

That spiritual, eternal crown was laid aside in eternity past.  A crown of thorns was placed on His head as He headed toward the conclusion of earthly ministry.  And, after He returned to Heaven He picked His crown up again.  He'll be wearing it when He returns to Earth to reign as the One Isaiah calls the Prince of Peace.

"So that we could be found"... Are you lost? Have you felt lost today?  (I have.)

In Christian-ese those are two very different questions.  The first really means, "have you decided to give yourself to Christ, to become a Christian, to follow Him, to take Him as your Savior by accepting His finished work on your behalf"?  If not, in the Christian parlance, you are "lost".  But, even those who have been "found", saved by His marvelous grace, can "feel lost" when the various crises of life overwhelm them.  That's the way I felt late this afternoon.  And, how I felt is a mere flicker compared to the conflagration a friend felt today when he lost his wife, or when another friend called tonight to ask for intercessory prayer.

Wonderful
Counselor
Mighty God
Everlasting Father
Prince of Peace

Jesus didn't just come to Earth as a baby to be our "fire insurance", our "one hit wonder".  For sure, apart from Him we cannot know God.  But, no, He came also to be our Magnificent Everything ... now, in the middle of our messes, Christmas or otherwise. Thank God!  One of my beloved asked me the other day (incredulously):  "Do you really think God cares about the minor troubles of one middle-aged woman?!"  "Yes", I replied.  "Yes, He does."  Because He loved and loves me.  He loved me enough to lay it all down then, and He loves me still, and forever.

1 What wondrous love is this, O my soul, O my soul!
What wondrous love is this, O my soul!
What wondrous love is this that caused the Lord of bliss
to bear the dreadful curse for my soul, for my soul,
to bear the dreadful curse for my soul?
2 When I was sinking down, sinking down, sinking down,
when I was sinking down, sinking down;
when I was sinking down beneath God's righteous frown,
Christ laid aside his crown for my soul, for my soul,
Christ laid aside his crown for my soul.
3 To God and to the Lamb, I will sing, I will sing,
to God and to the Lamb, I will sing;
to God and to the Lamb who is the great I AM -
while millions join the theme, I will sing, I will sing;
while millions join the theme, I will sing.
4 And when from death I’m free, I’ll sing on, I’ll sing on,
and when from death I’m free, I’ll sing on;
and when from death I’m free, I’ll sing and joyful be,
and through eternity, I’ll sing on, I’ll sing on,
and through eternity I’ll sing on.

Through eternity, I'll sing on.

Praise the Lord!  And, MERRY CHRISTMAS!

Source:

http://www.hymnary.org/text/what_wondrous_love_is_this_o_my_soul_o_m

Tuesday, December 20, 2016

The Fix Is In



Today I learned that one of my beloved ones received some disheartening news.  He is discouraged about it.  I wish that I could "fix things" for him in this situation.  It hurts my heart to see him suffer, even though some of it is of his own making.  Especially since that is the case...

When I was a child my daddy would sometimes get a "switch" (a small tree branch for you uninitiated out there) and give me "a switchin'".  I never wanted it, always deserved it (being quite the headstrong child) and still remember it, all these days later.  The sting of the switch was short-lived, but there is one thing about those occasions that lives on in my memory.  My daddy would almost always say, "This is going to hurt me more than it hurts you."

I never believed him then.  In fact, it made me mad, because I thought it a ridiculous statement!  But, as a parent now, I truly understand.  It hurt him to see me suffer, even in that small way.  It hurt his heart more than the sting of the hickory switch hurt my little, scrawny legs.

When Adam and Eve so horribly messed things up for all mankind in the Garden of Eden, don't you know it hurt God's heart terribly, even though He knew they were going to do it?  And, don't you know that He said to Himself, "One of these days I'm gonna fix that."  In fact, He proclaimed that He would, as early as Genesis 3:15.

Many, at Christmas, find the seasonal celebrations unbearable because they have been separated from loved ones.  Sometimes a loved one has died, for instance.  When man sinned, a horrible breach occurred between God and man.  The pain we feel when separated from a loved one is only a taste of the pain God felt when our sin destroyed the fellowship He had formerly enjoyed with mankind.  Oh how He must have grieved that loss...after all, our race was created for fellowship with Him.   And, we had so broken, so blemished that relationship.  Not even "a switchin' " could fix it.

When it was time for Jesus to be born, do you think God may have said something like, "Finally, the time is now right for the ultimate, total solution to be given!"  All those centuries between Eden and Bethlehem, God interacted with mankind in various ways, knowing that only one way could fully reconcile all mankind to Him.  Jesus' birth was the commencement, in our time-bound world, of that eternal plan.

I watched a good, but weird, movie today.  A friends of many decades and I get together every now and then for a meal.  Today, it was a movie and a meal.  Anyway, the movie was weird in that there were aliens (weirdness assured when aliens are involved).  Beyond that, though, there was an aspect of the movie in which Time was fluid.  Time was not the linear, orderly, irrevocable thing to which we are accustomed, to which we are bound in this earthly life.

God is not bound by Time.  For God - - Father, Son and Holy Spirit - - the "fix was in" before creation occurred.  Before Time was created, God had decided "I'm gonna fix that."  At Advent, we celebrate The Fix that came, as we anticipate each year the birth of our Savior, Christ, the Lord.  I'm so glad He came and made things right.


4
But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, 5To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. 6And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.
Galatians 4:4-6 KJV

Hallelujah!  The "fix" is in!


Monday, December 19, 2016

Pretty Packages

This time of year Facebook is full of children in their Christmas clothes, posing with Santa and so forth.  They are as cute as can be.  Today, I saw a picture of a group of adults in "ugly" Christmas sweaters, as that was their workplace's "mandate"  for this Monday before Christmas.   Our clothes and in some sense our bodies, are only so much "packaging" to give visibility to the soul encased inside.

Today I spent a lot of time wrapping packages.  I had put it off as long as I could!  Some folks spend a lot of time on their gift-wrapping, but I sort of approach it in "git 'er done" mode.  My approach is to more disguise than to beguile.

Speaking of beguiling, I'm sure you have probably attended what is commonly called a "white elephant exchange", one of those parties (usually Christmas) where you bring a cheap and ridiculous gift to a party.  Participants choose a "mystery gift" from the pile of gifts and well...when the pretty packaging comes off, sometimes you are left with things as crazy and useless as one leg of a mannequin.  (Yes, that really did happen.) . I have noticed that, often, the prettier the package the worse the gift!

The Bible tells us that was not true of God's greatest gift to us, Jesus.

No human alive now truly knows what Jesus really looked like.  I saw a television special on the Shroud of Turin a while back where the scientists working with the Shroud (assuming it truly was the burial cloth of Jesus Christ) were able to recreate the appearance of the man's face which thousands of years ago lay under it. Then, there's that book/movie Heaven Is For Real, in which the little boy who died and came back to life told his parents about Jesus' appearance.

Don't you know that Jesus' physical appearance would serve only to distract us today? Regardless of his appearance, we would be prone to focus more on his visual appearance than on His message of salvation.  The Bible prophetically speaks of him in Isaiah 53:2 , where we read that His physical appearance was nothing special.
 "He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him, nothing in his appearance that we should desire him."  
The chapter goes on to describe how Jesus would be scourged and eventually crucified.  So, it is unclear to me if verse 2 is describing Jesus at the time of His arrest and horrible torture, or just describing his manly physical appearance in general.

Regardless, He was, and is, God in human form.  And, His "packaging" is largely irrelevant.  We are promised that, when we go to be with Him in heaven that "we will see Him as He is" (1 John 3:2).  I don't think, though, that it will be what our eyes see that will tell us, "That's Him!"  But, rather, it will be our hearts that bear witness, our hearts that recognize Him in that day.

I wonder if we will get to ask Him some day what it was like to veil His majesty and to clothe Himself in flesh....It would not have mattered if God the Father had chosen an "Adonis", the most handsome package of flesh imaginable, to house His Son, the second Person of the Godhead.  All flesh pales in comparison to His glory and His beauty.

Yesterday, the Hubster accompanied me to a nearby town where I got once again the tremendous privilege of singing Part 1 of Handel's The Messiah in a "sing-along".  You just bring your copy of the score, pay your admission, sit in the right section and get blessed by the chamber orchestra, soloists and choruses of this masterwork.  The first one we "plebes" got to sing - - - there were approximately 500 of us - - - was "And the Glory of the Lord".1  The text G.F. Handel chose is from Isaiah 40:5 (KJV) - -

And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

Luke, in his gospel, quotes this verse in relation to Jesus' baptism, when the Holy Spirit descended onto Jesus in the form of a dove.  But, really, the glory of the Lord was revealed when Jesus put on flesh and carried out the will of His Father by being born as a baby boy.  Everything Jesus did in His earthly tenure brought the Father glory, and God's glory will be further revealed when Jesus comes again.

Yep, that's glory no packaging, pretty or plain, can ever begin to contain.

Source:

1    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z_tFJosT3k


Friday, December 16, 2016

Christmas Love Letter



The past few days I've been working on our Christmas card and letters.  I sort of get carried away with this task every year.  It is a multi-day task that goes like this:

November - - move Heaven and Earth to get a decent family picture...somehow.
(This year, my sister-in-law and her daughter helped greatly with that task.  Thanks Linda and Val!)

Find a deal on the cards and hopefully one with a Christian message.  Order and receive.

Put cards in envelopes.

Find the Christmas-y return address labels that the charities send us.  Apply, hopefully straight.

Write the Christmas letter.  Print it on the fancy stationery.  Again, hopefully straight.  (My score was about 60% of them this year.  The printer and I had a go-round.)

Fold the letters appropriately.  (This year I was thinking our envelopes were squarish instead of rectangularish - - - I can't explain this lapse - - and so folded the letters squarishly.)
Fold letters again.

Stuff letters into some of the envelopes.  Those who are close family and/or who know us well already know about our year's happenings and don't wish to be reminded of them, I'm quite sure!

Address cards.

Give cards to husband to apply Christmas stamps and mail.  (Note: if you wait too late, the Christmas stamps will have sold out.  So, this really should be done in November.)

Collect picture cards from other dear ones and post on side of double oven's kitchen cabinet to enjoy all year.

Yes, that is why I go to ALL the trouble described above.  I love to greet far-flung loved ones and to hear "glad tidings" from them in response.  Looking at their picture cards all year is a blessing and a reminder of the goodness of God.

So, tomorrow, the 17th of December, I'll flex my fingers and start addressing.
With joy, delight, and anticipation!

*******

WHO gets a Christmas letter and just throws it aside without reading it?  Not many, I'd guess.
I was thinking, though, about how God sent His love letter to us, in the human form of His Son Jesus, and how many of us poor, lonely people just push Him aside or throw Him away, not realizing the transcendent love we have rejected.

No matter how precious and special or funny or sad our Christmas letters are to each other, they pale in comparison to God's revelation of Himself to us.  And, so often, we set His message, revealed in Scripture, aside.  Or, we push it to the back of the line... back so far, we don't even get to it in our whirlwind days, our harum-scarum days, at all.

Here are excerpts from the greatest Christmas love letter of all time:

"And this shall be a sign unto you, Ye shall find the babe, wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger..."  (Luke 2:12)

"And you shall call His name Jesus, for He shall save His people from their sins."  (Matthew 1:21)

"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.  For God sent not His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved."  (John 3:16-17)

Praise God from whom all blessings flow
He sent His Son to us below
His love so great for us to know
Praise Father, Son and Holy Ghost!
Amen.


Wednesday, December 14, 2016

A Messy, Missed(?) Advent


During this season of Advent a curious thing has occurred:
my plans for Advent meditations here have crashed and burned.
If you have been wondering where I've been and why I have not blogged,
there's your answer.
I'm not sick
or kidnapped
or reprobate.
Yet....somewhere along the Advent way, I've lost my way ... in this seasonal celebration.

I can't fully explain it.
Part of the problem has been my technology.
About three weeks ago, my Mac had a nervous breakdown.  That's what it looked like on the screen.
The official explanation (2 weeks later) is that its graphics card, logic board, la la la la la.....
At any rate, praise God, the Apple store fixed it FOC (that's "free of charge" for some of you).

The other thing is that Tozer and I got a spiritual divorce.
This Advent devotional just did not move me to deeper devotion at all.
I'm not blaming A.W. Tozer; I'm sure it's my fault as well.
As it is, I can't even find that book now.  It is probably under Grandma Lois' recipe book.....

Such has been the way of my Advent.
For those of you who were hoping for profound, moving Advent meditations here at RDM blog,
I'm sorry.
If you will go back to the Advent seasons of 2014 and 2015, you will find what you seek.

As for me, I am going to try anew.

I found this prayer on the internet, a prayer that deeply pegs what I'm feeling at the moment.

If you feel like you have missed Advent thus far, maybe it will bless you too.

Halfway through Advent - have I missed it?
Dear Jesus,
It's halfway through Advent and I'm not sure what happened. I really wanted to make this a reflective and calm season, preparing for your birth and pondering how you came into this world in such a stunningly humble way. But it's so busy and I'm distracted and sometimes even short-tempered with those I love the most. Where are you in THAT?
I am discouraged and wish I could start over. But as I sit here in the rare moment of silence, I contemplate your birth. In a bed of straw, with the smell of manure everywhere. It's a mess in that stable ... and come to think of it, my life is a little messy, too. I suddenly see that it is not just into the mess of the stable but into my mess that you enter the world. You came into a humble place and that humility is often where I live my life - feeling guilty or distracted and wishing I were a better person. But if I stop thinking of myself and focus on you, I realize that there you are, waiting to love me, even though I have so many unfulfilled good intentions about prayer, so many desires of how to change this fleeting Advent season.
I can begin Advent today and make this season deeper by making room in my heart for you. I can take just a moment before I get out of bed in the morning and feel the empty place in my life I so often fill with my busy-ness. It is there I need you the most. Come, Lord Jesus. Come into that dark and lonely spot in my heart. You know what my needs are more than I do. Let me feel your love. If I only carry that thought with me each day, it will prepare me for Christmas.
Thank you, Jesus. It's not too late. You are waiting to enter my life today, where ever I let you in. Help me to open my heart in these remaining days.
Dear Jesus, be the center of it all .... all that remains of this Advent and Christmas, all that remains of this year, of my life.  Be the center! Amen.

Source:

http://onlineministries.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/Advent/advent-prayers.html#Halfway


Wednesday, December 7, 2016

Our Plans (Advent, Day 11)

For the past two days I have been on a sort of mini-vacay with a friend and both our moms in Sevier County, TN.  Several weeks ago, we younger ladies had planned this brief get-away with our moms, to enjoy them amid the local festivities of the season.   The Gatlinburg-Pigeon Forge area is in the Great Smokey Mountains, one of the most beautiful places on Earth.  Over the past several decades it has been a favorite tourist destination.  When I was a child, it was sort of a secret.  Not many folks outside of the South knew about it, nor did they travel to the area because there was not a lot to do except to relax, fish, talk to the natives, etc.  Today, driving down Parkway, I marveled at all the entertainment options available in Pigeon Forge.  In fact, I made the comment that you could stay here for a week and still not see all the shows or enjoy more than a smidgen of the restaurants, see all the fancy exhibits, etc.  It reminds me somewhat of Vegas (a place I visited once and never plan to see again), though on a more wholesome scale.

We had a bit of an adventure getting to Pigeon Forge yesterday.  We attempted to gain access by driving "over the mountain" - - which is the route folks from my mother's area have taken for many years.  The GPS exhorted us over and over again to take a different (longer) route.  We glibly ignored her.  (Mother said later that we should apologize!). Eventually, at the base of the mountain, we encountered flashing signs telling us the road ahead was closed.  What a bunch of dummies we were!  Despite the signs given, we were determined we knew better!  Our stubbornness and pride lengthened our trip by an hour and a half, as we were forced to take the "around the mountain" route, which eventually brought us into the Sevier county area from the other direction.

The New Testament is full of stories where folks misread the signs, ignoring God by making their own selfish plans.  King Herod is one example of this.  He did his best to manipulate the wise men and, later, to attempt to manipulate the will of God by murdering all infant boys under 2 years of age.  He was sure he "knew better".  Another example is the Jewish teachers and leaders of Jesus' day.  They were absolutely certain they "had Jesus pegged".  They could hardly have been more mistaken.

The cynics of this world who say with disdain, "Who cares about the fables and fairy tales of the Bible" are falling into a similar pit.  Tozer describes these as "big, challenging words" from "puny, empty hearts and minds".  Folks who puff out their chests and (figuratively speaking) shake their fists at God fail to see that all of us human beings are in the hands of God, in the final analysis, whether we are willing to admit it or not.  

There's a striking, appalling juxtaposition currently in this local area.  Less than 10 miles from where we are staying, amid the glitz and glamour, the bright lights and man-made monuments, lie ruins of blackened buildings, charred woods, smoldering ashes of the now-crippled town of Gatlinburg.  Just a few days ago near this bustling tourist destination conditions were ripe for "a perfect storm".... foliage that had not seen rain for several weeks and high winds.  Wildfires were started (by arson, it is believed) and the high winds quickly had them raging out of control.  Much of the town and surrounding area was devastated, lives and millions of dollars worth of property destroyed.  

We were turned back from crossing the mountain as we drove to Sevier county yesterday, for this very reason.  Today, we again tried to drive into Gatlinburg, but this time from Pigeon Forge - - - same result.  The town is blocked off all around, until the residents and business owners can begin to recover from the disasters they have endured and continue to endure.

Tozer tells a story about the ruler of Germany during World War I, Kaiser Wilhelm.  The Kaiser heard a sermon on the Second Advent of Jesus Christ.  Greatly offended, Wilhelm spoke to the minister after the service:  "I never want to hear that kind of a sermon again!  Such an event is not at all in keeping with the plans we have for the future and the glory of our Fatherland!"

Oh!  How we tend to make ourselves big....and God small.

The kingdom of this world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, 
and He will reign forever and ever.
Revelation 11:15

He came once as a baby, over 2020 years ago, born into the humblest of circumstances.  He lived a perfect life, allowed his own excruciating death and then defeated Death by rising from the dead, despite all the hordes of Hell brought to bear against Him.  He is God.  He is flawless.  He is coming again.  On that changeless fact we can depend.  When that day comes, we had better be ready, because it will come more suddenly than a forest fire raging out of control.  And, there will be absolutely nothing we can do to stop it.


Father, during this time of terrible tragedy for the people of Sevier county and especially Gatlinburg, TN, please restore what the Destroyer has taken, replenish what the locusts have eaten, what the fires have taken.  Show Yourself mighty in this, Lord!  Be very near and precious to them, bind up the broken-hearted and do the miraculous among them, for Jesus' sake.  Amen.

Source:

Tozer, A.W. From Heaven, pp. 49-522016. Moody Publishers, Chicago, IL.

Monday, December 5, 2016

Nearest and Dearest (Advent: Day 9)

I had to laugh at the POTUS-elect the other day.  He visited Ohio and spoke to employees of the Carrier Company, the folks who make heat pumps, and such.  During the course of his speech he said something like, "I have a secret to share with you. Don't tell anybody now!  My new secretary of defense is going to be..."  What makes this laughable is that, of course, when you tell several hundred people a "secret", with press present, it's not going to remain a secret very long!  That's not the way most of us operate. If we have precious news to share, we share it with our "nearest and dearest" first.

We live on the side of history after the first advent (coming) of Jesus to Earth.  So, it is a bit of a stretch for Christians to know what it was like for the Jews to look for, long for, their Messiah, except as we Christians can do in regards to Jesus' second advent, still in the future.  (I wrote about this in my last post.)

Two of the most intriguing people in the Bible are found in Luke 2.  One of the best things about Luke was his attention to detail.  None of the other gospel writers could compare to him in that respect.  Both of these "minor" characters were fervently looking for Messiah as "the first Christmas" approached.

Our story begins in verse 22, when Mary and Joseph are found taking the baby Jesus to the Temple in order to fulfill the requirements of the Law for newborn boys.  There, they encounter Simeon (who will be the subject of a future post) and Anna, our heroine for today.

36There was also a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old, having been married to her husband for seven years until his death. 37She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. 38At that moment, she came up to them and began to give thanks to God and to speak about the child to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem.

According to Luke 2:36-38, Anna lost her husband to death, after only 7 years of marriage. She never remarried.  Anna was OLD.  Most Jewish women marry in their mid-teens. Assuming she married at 15 and became a widow at 22, she would have been 106 years old at the time Jesus was brought to the Temple for the first time.  106!! That is "ancient", even by today's standards!  For whatever the reason, she lived in the Temple, most likely performing some sort of tasks assigned to older widows.1

Anna's close proximity to the Temple, however, is not what earned her the title of "prophetess".  (As I mentioned in yesterday's post, she is the only woman given that title in the New Testament.)  Being "in church" a lot is not what makes a person a Christian either...Verse 37 tells us that she spent much time in fasting and in prayer.  When a person spends that much time seeking God, communing with Him, they are more likely to receive revelations from Him.  That's not to say she EARNED the gift of prophecy, because it is a gift from God, given at His discretion.  But, she exercised her gift with tremendous zeal.

And, the "proof is in the pudding", as the saying goes.  Anna walked up and immediately recognized who Jesus was.  If we assumed that she knew Mary and Joseph we would very likely be drawing a false conclusion.  The Scriptures do not say she knew them, after all.  Whom she DID know was Jesus, even though she had never met him!  Her reaction to meeting Jesus "in the flesh" was to praise God aloud, to thank Him and to tell everyone around her about Him.

Do you "get" that Anna knew, even more surely than Mary and Joseph did, who Jesus truly was?

Don't you think that Anna must have been one of God's "nearest and dearest"?  Even though she is given a mere 3 verses in the Bible, what a wonderful testimony those verses contain!  In his classic commentary on the book of Luke, Alfred Plummer said that Anna was the first in a long line of prophetic disciples who would speak about Jesus to all who were fervently looking for the redemption of Israel.2

In Jesus, Anna glimpsed the future, a future as bright as the promises of God!

Sources:

1    http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/new-testament/mary-simeon-or-anna-who-first-recognized-jesus-as-messiah/

2   Alfred Plummer, Luke, International Critical Commentary (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1905), p. 71.